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Latin America & Caribbean

Brazil

Full profile

GDP of $2.28 tn in 2025, real growth of 2.3% and inflation of 5.0%, by the IMF’s figures.

In January–August 2026 the U.S. bought $24.1B of goods from Brazil and sold it $37.4B, a surplus of $13.3B, and Miami International Airport, FL handled the most of it (21.9% of the trade through listed ports).

Overview

Brazil in figures

The latest figure each source reports. Annual figures come from one international source on one definition for every country, so they compare across this site’s country pages.

Output

IMF World Economic Outlook and World Bank, annual

GDP, current U.S. dollars
$2.28 tn
2025 · +4.3% on 2024
IMF ›
Real GDP, 2015 U.S. dollars
$2.07 tn
2025 · +2.3% on 2024
World Bank ›
Real GDP growth
2.3%
2025 · −1.1 pp on 2024
IMF ›
GDP per person
$10,683
2025 · +3.9% on 2024
IMF ›
GDP per person, PPP
$23,363 PPP
2025 · +4.6% on 2024
IMF ›
Population
212.8 m
2025 · +0.4% on 2024
World Bank ›

Prices and jobs

IMF and World Bank (ILO modelled estimates), annual

Inflation, annual average
5.0%
2025 · +0.6 pp on 2024
IMF ›
Unemployment rate
6.0%
2025 · −0.9 pp on 2024
IMF ›
Labour force participation
63.1%
2025 · −0.2 pp on 2024
World Bank ›
Employment to population
59.4%
2025 · +0.3 pp on 2024
World Bank ›

Public finances and the external account

IMF and World Bank, annual, % of GDP

Government gross debt
93.3%
2025 · +6.3 pp on 2024
IMF ›
Government balance
−7.4%
2025 · −1.1 pp on 2024
IMF ›
Current account balance
−2.9%
2025 · +0.1 pp on 2024
IMF ›
Exports of goods and services
17.8%
2025 · −0.1 pp on 2024
World Bank ›
Imports of goods and services
17.5%
2025 · −0.2 pp on 2024
World Bank ›

Latest readings

OECD, quarterly and monthly

Real GDP, quarter on quarter
0.5%
Q2 2026 · −0.6 pp on Q1 2026
OECD ›
Real GDP, year on year
1.9%
Q2 2026 · +0.1 pp on Q1 2026
OECD ›
Consumer prices, year on year
4.6%
Sep 2026 · +0.4 pp on Aug 2026
OECD ›

Sectors

What the economy produces

Each sector’s value added as a share of GDP, and how fast it grew in real terms. World Bank, annual.

Value added, % of GDP, 2025
  • Agriculture, forestry and fishing6.1%

    4.3% in 2015 (+1.8 pp)

  • Industry, including construction20.1%

    19.4% in 2015 (+0.8 pp)

  • of which Manufacturing11.8%

    10.5% in 2015 (+1.3 pp)

  • Services59.7%

    62.3% in 2015 (−2.6 pp)

Real value added growth, % a year
SectorLatest5-year average
Agriculture, forestry and fishing11.7%20254.3%
Industry, including construction1.4%20252.5%
Manufacturing−0.2%20251.1%
Services1.8%20253.5%

World Bank, World Development Indicators (national accounts). The five-year average is the compound annual rate over the last five years with figures, calculated by CK Economics.

Outlook

Where the IMF and CK see it going

The IMF’s World Economic Outlook projections next to the last two years it reports, and CK Economics’ own backtested forecasts, labelled as ours, in a table of their own.

IMF forecast

World Economic Outlook, October 2026. Shaded columns from 2026 on are the IMF’s projections, not CK Economics’.

IMF World Economic Outlook figures and projections
Indicator202420252026IMF forecast →2027 (IMF forecast)2028 (IMF forecast)2029 (IMF forecast)2030 (IMF forecast)Trend
Real GDP growth, %3.42.32.21.92.42.52.5
Inflation, annual average, %4.45.04.44.13.13.03.0
Unemployment rate, %6.96.06.26.87.27.47.4
Government balance, % of GDP−6.3−7.4−8.1−7.7−6.6−6.6−6.4
Government gross debt, % of GDP87.093.397.099.3101.3103.2104.5
Current account balance, % of GDP−3.0−2.9−2.4−2.0−2.1−1.9−1.7

International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, via the IMF DataMapper. Years before 2026 are the IMF’s reported series, which for some countries include staff estimates.

CK forecast

A baseline forecast, not a scenario: an ensemble of statistical models and the IMF’s forecast, published only where its backtest beat naive. Ranges are 80%.

CK Economics forecasts with 80% ranges
Indicator202620272028
Real GDP growth, %2.21.3 to 4.51.9−2.1 to 4.82.4−0.6 to 5.9
Inflation, %4.43.7 to 4.84.31.3 to 7.13.70.7 to 7.6
Unemployment rate, %6.25.3 to 6.96.74.8 to 8.6–

CK Economics, from the IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2026. Scorecards and past forecasts →

Trade

U.S. trade with Brazil

U.S. Census Bureau goods trade between Brazil and the United States, by month, U.S. port and product.

National totals · January–August 2026

All U.S. customs districts. Imports are general imports; exports are total exports.

Imports
$24.1B
−17.2% y/y
Exports
$37.4B
+4.4% y/y
Total trade
$61.4B
−5.3% y/y
U.S. surplus
$13.3B
$6.6B larger than a year earlier
Share of U.S. trade
1.5%
17th of 233 partners

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API (goods trade by country, national and by U.S. port); released 2026-10-16; retrieved 2026-10-16. Not seasonally adjusted.

Official statisticCK estimateSource figures as of October 16, 2026Sources & methods
Period covered
January–August 2026
Source figures as of
October 16, 2026
Geography
U.S. trade with Brazil, all U.S. customs districts
Sector
International trade in goods
Seasonal adjustment
Not seasonally adjusted
Transformations
Monthly values summed over the period by CK Economics. Total trade (imports + exports), balance, share of U.S. trade, rank and year-on-year changes calculated by CK Economics
Revisions
When Census publishes a new month, CK re-collects the previous 12; older months are re-collected after Census’s annual revision each June, or sooner if Census’s totals for them change. Revised figures replace earlier ones.
Data status
Each month passes CK’s release checks (complete, totals reconcile with Census’s, no sharp jumps) before it is published.
Limitations
Goods only, not services. General imports at customs value, total exports at f.a.s. value.

Full method · Research standards

Port subtotals

U.S. ports handling trade with Brazil

Download these rows (CSV)

The 198 ports listed cover 97.9% of national trade ($60.2B of $61.4B). Another 2.1% went by mail, low-value shipments or through ports Census doesn’t name.

U.S. goods trade with Brazil by U.S. port, January–August 2026
U.S. port, activate to sortImports, activate to sortExports, activate to sortTotal trade, sorted descending; activate to reverseBalance, activate to sortShare of listed-port trade, activate to sortTrade y/y, activate to sort
Charlotte Amalie, VI5101Mixed$10.5K$65.3K$75.8K$54.8K<0.01%−63.7%
Las Vegas, NV2722Mainly air$7.8K$67.3K$75.1K$59.4K<0.01%−95.9%
Albany, NY1002Mainly vessel$11.4K$56.0K$67.4K$44.6K<0.01%−99.1%
Davenport, IA-Rock Island, IL3908Mainly air$66.3K$0$66.3K−$66.3K<0.01%None a year earlier
Kona, HI3206Mainly land/other$0$63.6K$63.6K$63.6K<0.01%None a year earlier
Ontario International Airport, CA2721Mainly air$0$55.9K$55.9K$55.9K<0.01%+7.9%
Fabens, TX2404Mainly land/other$55.7K$0$55.7K−$55.7K<0.01%None a year earlier
San Jose International Airport, CA2834Mainly air$0$51.7K$51.7K$51.7K<0.01%+107.6%
Addison Airport, Dallas, TX5584Mainly air$0$50.0K$50.0K$50.0K<0.01%None a year earlier
Rockford Airport, IL3909Mainly air$0$50.0K$50.0K$50.0K<0.01%+141.8%
Sarasota-Bradenton Airport, FL1883Mainly air$0$50.0K$50.0K$50.0K<0.01%+107.4%
Duluth, MN - Superior, WI3510Mainly vessel$47.0K$0$47.0K−$47.0K<0.01%−74.6%
Omaha, NE3512Mainly land/other$0$43.9K$43.9K$43.9K<0.01%+1092.2%
Tecate, CA2505Mainly land/other$38.5K$0$38.5K−$38.5K<0.01%−64.4%
FedEx Corp Honolulu, HI3279Mainly air$30.8K$0$30.8K−$30.8K<0.01%None a year earlier
Manchester User Fee Airport, NH0182Mainly air$26.8K$2.8K$29.5K−$24.0K<0.01%+990.0%
Peoria, IL3902Mainly land/other$0$29.4K$29.4K$29.4K<0.01%+252.6%
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA2018Mainly land/other$0$28.3K$28.3K$28.3K<0.01%−55.5%
Sault Ste Marie, MI3803Mainly land/other$26.8K$0$26.8K−$26.8K<0.01%−81.7%
Knoxville, TN2016Mainly air$6.5K$19.1K$25.6K$12.7K<0.01%None a year earlier
Reno, NV2833Mainly air$0$23.9K$23.9K$23.9K<0.01%None a year earlier
Morristown Airport, Newark, NJ1081Mainly air$0$21.4K$21.4K$21.4K<0.01%−85.0%
Santa Teresa, NM2408Mainly land/other$20.4K$0$20.4K−$20.4K<0.01%−93.6%
Beecher Falls, VT0206Mainly land/other$19.5K$0$19.5K−$19.5K<0.01%None a year earlier
Greenville-Spartanburg, SC1603Mainly land/other$11.5K$7.8K$19.3K−$3.7K<0.01%−99.3%
Erie, PA4106Mainly vessel$18.5K$0$18.5K−$18.5K<0.01%−58.6%
Naples Municipal User Fee Airport, Naples, FL1880Mainly air$0$18.5K$18.5K$18.5K<0.01%None a year earlier
Tulsa, OK5505Mainly land/other$18.2K$0$18.2K−$18.2K<0.01%−96.3%
Eastport, ID3302Mainly land/other$16.1K$0$16.1K−$16.1K<0.01%−96.2%
Douglas, AZ2601Mainly land/other$13.2K$0$13.2K−$13.2K<0.01%+1537.9%
Panama City, FL1818Mainly vessel$12.9K$0$12.9K−$12.9K<0.01%+394.3%
Bluegrass Airport, Lexington, KY4184Mainly air$0$11.5K$11.5K$11.5K<0.01%None a year earlier
Chicago Midway Int'l Airport, IL3910Mainly air$4.2K$5.7K$10.0K$1.5K<0.01%+41.1%
Chattanooga, TN2008Mainly land/other$0$9.8K$9.8K$9.8K<0.01%−56.5%
Eagle Pass, TX2303Mainly land/other$9.7K$0$9.7K−$9.7K<0.01%−92.7%
Dallas Love Field, Dallas, TX5588Mainly air$9.6K$0$9.6K−$9.6K<0.01%None a year earlier
Winston-Salem, NC1502Mainly land/other$9.5K$0$9.5K−$9.5K<0.01%None a year earlier
Calexico, CA2503Mainly land/other$0$5.8K$5.8K$5.8K<0.01%−43.9%
Salem, MA0408Mainly air$5.8K$0$5.8K−$5.8K<0.01%−69.3%
Oklahoma City, OK5504Mainly air$0$5.7K$5.7K$5.7K<0.01%None a year earlier
Jackman, ME0104Mainly land/other$5.1K$0$5.1K−$5.1K<0.01%−94.3%
Albuquerque, NM2407Mainly air$0$4.5K$4.5K$4.5K<0.01%None a year earlier
Amarillo, TX5502Mainly air$0$4.4K$4.4K$4.4K<0.01%None a year earlier
St. Louis, MO4503Mainly land/other$0$3.5K$3.5K$3.5K<0.01%−95.1%
International Falls-Ranier, MN3604Mainly land/other$0$2.7K$2.7K$2.7K<0.01%−47.0%
Boise, ID2907Mainly air$0$2.5K$2.5K$2.5K<0.01%None a year earlier
Owensboro-Evansville, IN4116Mainly land/other$2.0K$0$2.0K−$2.0K<0.01%None a year earlier
Madawaska, ME0109Mainly land/other$1.8K$0$1.8K−$1.8K<0.01%None a year earlier

Port figures are subtotals: they add up to the listed-port total, not the national total above. Shares are of trade through the ports listed. Main mode is each port’s mode by trade value over the latest twelve months, not its gateway type. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API (goods trade by country, national and by U.S. port); released 2026-10-16; retrieved 2026-10-16. Not seasonally adjusted.

Official statisticCK estimateSource figures as of October 16, 2026Sources & methods
Period covered
January–August 2026
Source figures as of
October 16, 2026
Geography
Listed U.S. ports of entry and exit handling trade with Brazil
Sector
International trade in goods
Seasonal adjustment
Not seasonally adjusted
Transformations
Monthly values summed over the period by CK Economics. Total trade (imports + exports), balance, shares of the listed-port total, ranks and year-on-year changes calculated by CK Economics
Revisions
When Census publishes a new month, CK re-collects the previous 12; older months are re-collected after Census’s annual revision each June, or sooner if Census’s totals for them change. Revised figures replace earlier ones.
Data status
Each month passes CK’s release checks (complete, totals reconcile with Census’s, no sharp jumps) before it is published.
Limitations
Goods only, not services. General imports at customs value, total exports at f.a.s. value. Port figures are subtotals and don’t add up to the national total. Listed ports only: Census’s pseudo-ports (mail, low-value shipments, vessels under their own power) and unnamed ports are left out.

Full method · Research standards

Largest ports for trade with Brazil, by trade

U.S. dollars · January–August 2026 · port subtotals

  • Imports
  • Exports
  • Miami International Airport, FL
    Imports: $1.8B
    Exports: $11.3B
  • Houston, TX
    Imports: $2.6B
    Exports: $5.0B
  • New Orleans, LA
    Imports: $1.2B
    Exports: $1.5B
  • Newark, NJ
    Imports: $1.9B
    Exports: $594.6M
  • Jacksonville, FL
    Imports: $617.3M
    Exports: $1.7B
  • Charleston, SC
    Imports: $1.1B
    Exports: $772.1M
  • Philadelphia, PA
    Imports: $1.3B
    Exports: $226.2M
  • Long Beach, CA
    Imports: $1.2B
    Exports: $115.6M
  • Gramercy, LA
    Imports: $499.3M
    Exports: $827.6M
  • Port Everglades, FL
    Imports: $290.9M
    Exports: $948.2M

Top 10 = 59.1% of U.S. trade with Brazil through the ports listed.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API (goods trade by country, national and by U.S. port); released 2026-10-16; retrieved 2026-10-16. Not seasonally adjusted.

Official statisticCK estimateSource figures as of October 16, 2026Sources & methods
Period covered
January–August 2026
Source figures as of
October 16, 2026
Geography
Listed U.S. ports of entry and exit handling trade with Brazil
Sector
International trade in goods
Seasonal adjustment
Not seasonally adjusted
Transformations
Monthly values summed over the period by CK Economics. Total trade (imports + exports), balance, shares of the listed-port total, ranks and year-on-year changes calculated by CK Economics
Revisions
When Census publishes a new month, CK re-collects the previous 12; older months are re-collected after Census’s annual revision each June, or sooner if Census’s totals for them change. Revised figures replace earlier ones.
Data status
Each month passes CK’s release checks (complete, totals reconcile with Census’s, no sharp jumps) before it is published.
Limitations
Goods only, not services. General imports at customs value, total exports at f.a.s. value. Port figures are subtotals and don’t add up to the national total. Listed ports only: Census’s pseudo-ports (mail, low-value shipments, vessels under their own power) and unnamed ports are left out.

Full method · Research standards

View data table
Largest ports for trade with Brazil, by trade, U.S. dollars · January–August 2026 · port subtotals
PortImportsExports
Miami International Airport, FL$1.8B$11.3B
Houston, TX$2.6B$5.0B
New Orleans, LA$1.2B$1.5B
Newark, NJ$1.9B$594.6M
Jacksonville, FL$617.3M$1.7B
Charleston, SC$1.1B$772.1M
Philadelphia, PA$1.3B$226.2M
Long Beach, CA$1.2B$115.6M
Gramercy, LA$499.3M$827.6M
Port Everglades, FL$290.9M$948.2M

Trade with Brazil by the ports’ main mode

U.S. dollars · January–August 2026 · every listed port

  • Imports
  • Exports
  • Mainly vessel
    Imports: $17.8B
    Exports: $18.1B
  • Mainly air
    Imports: $5.1B
    Exports: $17.7B
  • Mainly land/other
    Imports: $1.1B
    Exports: $328.6M
  • Mixed
    Imports: $13.8M
    Exports: $178.8K

Ports grouped by their main mode by trade value over the latest twelve months (vessel or air at least half; land/other when vessel and air together are under half; otherwise mixed). A port’s group says how most of its trade moves, not what kind of gateway it is.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API (goods trade by country, national and by U.S. port); released 2026-10-16; retrieved 2026-10-16. Not seasonally adjusted.

Official statisticCK estimateSource figures as of October 16, 2026Sources & methods
Period covered
January–August 2026
Source figures as of
October 16, 2026
Geography
Listed U.S. ports handling trade with Brazil
Sector
International trade in goods
Seasonal adjustment
Not seasonally adjusted
Transformations
Monthly values summed over the period by CK Economics. Ports grouped by their main mode over the latest twelve months, and each group summed, by CK Economics
Revisions
When Census publishes a new month, CK re-collects the previous 12; older months are re-collected after Census’s annual revision each June, or sooner if Census’s totals for them change. Revised figures replace earlier ones.
Data status
Each month passes CK’s release checks (complete, totals reconcile with Census’s, no sharp jumps) before it is published.
Limitations
Goods only, not services. General imports at customs value, total exports at f.a.s. value. A port’s group says how most of its trade moves, not what kind of gateway it is.

Full method · Research standards

View data table
Trade with Brazil by the ports’ main mode, U.S. dollars · January–August 2026 · every listed port
Main mode by valueImportsExports
Mainly vessel$17.8B$18.1B
Mainly air$5.1B$17.7B
Mainly land/other$1.1B$328.6M
Mixed$13.8M$178.8K

Monthly U.S. imports from and exports to Brazil

U.S. dollars · January 2025–August 2026 · national totals

  • Imports
  • Exports

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API (goods trade by country, national and by U.S. port); released 2026-10-16; retrieved 2026-10-16. Not seasonally adjusted.

Official statisticSource figures as of October 16, 2026Sources & methods
Period covered
January 2025–August 2026
Source figures as of
October 16, 2026
Geography
U.S. trade with Brazil, all U.S. customs districts
Sector
International trade in goods
Seasonal adjustment
Not seasonally adjusted
Transformations
None: figures as published
Revisions
When Census publishes a new month, CK re-collects the previous 12; older months are re-collected after Census’s annual revision each June, or sooner if Census’s totals for them change. Revised figures replace earlier ones.
Data status
Each month passes CK’s release checks (complete, totals reconcile with Census’s, no sharp jumps) before it is published.
Limitations
Goods only, not services. General imports at customs value, total exports at f.a.s. value.

Full method · Research standards

View data table
Monthly U.S. imports from and exports to Brazil, U.S. dollars · January 2025–August 2026 · national totals
MonthImportsExports
Jan 2025$3.8B$3.8B
Feb 2025$3.3B$4.1B
Mar 2025$3.9B$4.6B
Apr 2025$3.1B$4.3B
May 2025$4.2B$4.8B
Jun 2025$3.6B$4.9B
Jul 2025$4.0B$4.4B
Aug 2025$3.1B$4.8B
Sep 2025$2.9B$4.3B
Oct 2025$2.7B$5.2B
Nov 2025$2.2B$4.3B
Dec 2025$3.0B$4.8B
Jan 2026$2.8B$4.1B
Feb 2026$2.3B$3.9B
Mar 2026$3.0B$4.6B
Apr 2026$2.6B$4.7B
May 2026$3.2B$4.5B
Jun 2026$3.1B$4.8B
Jul 2026$3.4B$5.4B
Aug 2026$3.6B$5.4B

Monthly U.S. goods balance with Brazil

U.S. dollars, exports − imports · January 2025–August 2026 · national totals

  • Deficit (below zero)
  • Surplus (above zero)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Trade API (goods trade by country, national and by U.S. port); released 2026-10-16; retrieved 2026-10-16. Not seasonally adjusted.

Official statisticCK estimateSource figures as of October 16, 2026Sources & methods
Period covered
January 2025–August 2026
Source figures as of
October 16, 2026
Geography
U.S. trade with Brazil, all U.S. customs districts
Sector
International trade in goods
Seasonal adjustment
Not seasonally adjusted
Transformations
Balance (exports − imports) calculated by CK Economics
Revisions
When Census publishes a new month, CK re-collects the previous 12; older months are re-collected after Census’s annual revision each June, or sooner if Census’s totals for them change. Revised figures replace earlier ones.
Data status
Each month passes CK’s release checks (complete, totals reconcile with Census’s, no sharp jumps) before it is published.
Limitations
Goods only, not services. General imports at customs value, total exports at f.a.s. value.

Full method · Research standards

View data table
Monthly U.S. goods balance with Brazil, U.S. dollars, exports − imports · January 2025–August 2026 · national totals
MonthBalance
Jan 2025$77.7M
Feb 2025$770.8M
Mar 2025$665.7M
Apr 2025$1.2B
May 2025$618.4M
Jun 2025$1.3B
Jul 2025$374.3M
Aug 2025$1.8B
Sep 2025$1.4B
Oct 2025$2.4B
Nov 2025$2.1B
Dec 2025$1.8B
Jan 2026$1.3B
Feb 2026$1.5B
Mar 2026$1.7B
Apr 2026$2.0B
May 2026$1.2B
Jun 2026$1.7B
Jul 2026$2.1B
Aug 2026$1.8B

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Brazil: Exports of goods and services

The value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world, as a percentage of GDP.

Official statisticSource figures as of October 8, 2026Sources & methods
Sources
World Bank
Period covered
1960 – 2025
Source figures as of
October 8, 2026
Geography
Brazil
Sector
Whole economy (not a single sector)
Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
Transformations
None: figures as published
Revisions
Replaced with the source’s latest figures whenever it revises them.
Data status
Current

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Definitions

Read the figures alike

Every figure keeps its source’s definition; where two sound alike but are measured differently, the difference is here.

GDP in dollars
The IMF converts GDP at current prices at each year’s market exchange rate, so the dollar figure moves with the currency. GDP per person at purchasing power parity converts at the cost of the same basket of goods in every country instead, which suits comparisons of living standards. The World Bank’s GDP at constant 2015 prices takes price changes out, so it measures volume: use it, or the growth rates, to see how much output changed.
Growth
Annual growth (IMF) compares a whole year with the year before. The OECD’s quarterly figures are seasonally adjusted and compare a quarter with the previous quarter (not annualized) or with the same quarter a year earlier. The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis reports quarterly growth at an annualized rate, roughly four times the quarter-on-quarter change. The three need not agree in any one period.
Inflation
The IMF’s annual inflation is the change in the average consumer price level over a whole year. The monthly figure compares one month with the same month a year earlier, so it turns sooner and swings more. Both use the national consumer price index.
Unemployment
The IMF’s annual unemployment rate follows each country’s national definition (age limits, what counts as looking for work), so levels are not strictly comparable across countries. Labour force participation and employment to population are ILO modelled estimates for everyone aged 15 and over, on one definition for every country; national figures, often for ages 16 to 64, are higher.
Trade
The Trade section is U.S. Census Bureau goods trade between this country and the United States only, month by month. Exports and imports as a share of GDP are the World Bank’s figures for goods and services with every partner. The current account (IMF) is the balance of goods and services trade with every partner plus income flows.
Sectors
Sector shares are value added as a percentage of GDP. They don’t add up to 100%: GDP also includes taxes less subsidies on products. Manufacturing is part of industry, which also covers mining, construction and utilities. Sector growth is the change in real value added at constant local-currency prices.
Latest values and forecasts
Each latest figure is the most recent period the source does not label a projection; for some countries the IMF’s latest years are its staff estimates. Values the IMF projects are labelled “IMF forecast” wherever they appear. They are the IMF’s, not CK Economics’.

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